Choosing an ACA Marketplace Plan: Metal Tiers and Premium Tax Credits
The metal tier describes how costs are split, not how good the care is. Silver carries a subsidy the other tiers do not.
At a glance
Figures checked 1 Sep 2026
What to take away
- Metal tiers describe the split of costs: bronze pays roughly 60% of expected costs, platinum roughly 90%.
- Cost-sharing reductions are only available on silver plans, and they can be worth more than the premium difference.
- Premium tax credits are based on estimated household income and reconcile at tax time — estimate carefully.
| Tier | Plan pays, on average | Typically suits |
|---|---|---|
| Bronze | 60% | Healthy, high savings, wants catastrophic protection |
| Silver | 70% | Modest income — the only tier with cost-sharing reductions |
| Gold | 80% | Regular prescriptions or ongoing treatment |
| Platinum | 90% | High, predictable medical costs |
Why silver is different
Cost-sharing reductions lower your deductible and out-of-pocket maximum, and they attach only to silver plans. For households under the income threshold, a silver plan with reductions can end up with better cost sharing than a gold plan at a lower premium. Check the enhanced silver figures before assuming bronze is cheaper overall.
Estimating income for the credit
The premium tax credit is advanced monthly based on the income you estimate at enrolment, then reconciled on your return. Underestimate and you repay the difference; overestimate and you get the balance back.
Self-employed and commission-based income makes this genuinely hard. Update your estimate through the Marketplace when your income changes rather than waiting for the reconciliation.
Common questions
Not necessarily. Networks are set by the insurer, not the tier — always check the provider directory for the specific plan.
You need a qualifying life event for a special enrolment period. Medicaid and CHIP enrolment stay open year-round if you qualify.