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Total Stock Market Funds: Owning the Whole US Market

A total market fund adds thousands of smaller companies to the large ones — and behaves almost identically anyway.

At a glance

Figures checked 1 Sep 2026

Ticker VTI, ITOT, SCHB, FSKAX
Expense ratio 0.015% to 0.03%
Minimum investment One fractional share
Tracks CRSP US Total Market or S&P Total Market
Risk level Moderate to high

What to take away

  • Holds effectively every investable US public company, weighted by size.
  • Because weighting is by size, large companies still dominate the return.
  • Correlation with the S&P 500 is very high — do not hold both expecting diversification.

A total market fund holds several thousand US companies weighted by market capitalisation. The largest few dozen make up a large share of the index, which is why its returns track the S&P 500 closely despite holding far more names.

Does the extra exposure help?

Over long periods the difference between a total market fund and an S&P 500 fund has been small. Small-caps behave differently in some cycles, which adds a little diversification, but you should not expect a materially different outcome.

Holding both a total market fund and an S&P 500 fund is duplication, not diversification. Pick one as the US core.

Common questions

No. US total market means US-domiciled companies. International exposure needs a separate fund.

Sources

  1. SEC — Investor.gov
  2. US Securities and Exchange Commission

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